Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal production of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Individuals with thalassemia produce fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin than normal, leading to anemia. Thalassemia can range from mild to severe forms, depending on the specific genetic mutations involved. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, jaundice, and growth delays, among others. Treatment includes blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy.
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