Paracetamol is a common medicine relied upon by millions of people worldwide. Whether it's a mild ache, fever, or general discomfort, paracetamol (also known as acetaminophen) is often viewed as a safe, reliable, and easily accessible option. You probably don’t think twice about taking it, given its availability over the counter and its long-standing reputation for being gentle compared to other painkillers like ibuprofen or aspirin.
But here’s a question that may have crossed your mind: Could this seemingly harmless pill harm your kidneys, especially if you use it frequently or over a long period?
The concern isn't baseless. Paracetamol works wonders when taken in the right doses, but like any medication, it’s not without risks—especially when misused or taken in excess. Kidney health is a critical part of overall well-being, and many people aren’t aware that certain everyday habits, including how they manage pain, can stress these vital organs.
Paracetamol alleviates pain and reduces fever by blocking the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that trigger pain and inflammation. Unlike nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs, it primarily target the brain rather than the source of inflammation, making it easier on the stomach and less likely to cause gastrointestinal problems.
However, the way paracetamol is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys highlights the potential risks to these organs.
The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products from the blood, including metabolites of medications like paracetamol. When taken in therapeutic doses, the majority of paracetamol is metabolized in the liver and excreted safely through the kidneys.
However, in cases of:
Excessive use of paracetamol can contribute to acute kidney injury (AKI), a sudden decline in kidney function. This is more likely to individuals who have:
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) can cause symptoms such as decreased urine production, swelling, and tiredness.
While paracetamol is often recommended as a safer pain relief option for people with kidney disease, excessive or long-term use can still pose risks. Habitual use, especially in combination with other analgesics, may contribute to chronic kidney damage over time.
Certain individuals may be more susceptible to kidney damage from paracetamol, including those who:
Also Read: Can Too Much Use Of Pain Killers Damage Your Kidneys?
If you suspect kidney damage, look out for these warning signs:
If you need to take paracetamol for over a few days, consult your doctor. They can monitor your kidney function and explore alternative pain management strategies if necessary.
Proper hydration plays a crucial role in maintaining kidney health and aids in eliminating toxins from the body.
Both alcohol and paracetamol are metabolized in the liver, and their combination increases the risk of liver and kidney toxicity.
If you have a history of kidney issues or other risk factors, regular kidney function tests (such as serum creatinine or eGFR) can help detect problems early.
Must check: 8 golden rules to take care of your kidneys
Taking medications responsibly involves collaboration with your healthcare providers. Here’s how they can help:
Many people assume OTC medicines are entirely safe, but they can pose risks if misused. Here are some tips:
Paracetamol is a useful and generally safe medication when used correctly, but it can pose risks to your kidneys if misused. Understanding these risks and managing your medication responsibly with the help of healthcare professionals is crucial. Moreover, adopting kidney-friendly habits can further safeguard your kidney health. Always be proactive about your health, and remember that your healthcare provider is your best ally in making informed decisions.